Graphite Beneficiation
Natural graphite is beneficiated by flotation to >94% C concentrate.
Flotation
Non-ionic collectors float graphite. Multiple regrinding and cleaning stages reject gangue.
Purification
Chemical (HF treatment) or thermal (2,500-3,000°C) purification produces battery-grade graphite (>99% C). Shaping produces spherical graphite for anodes.